Interstitial cystitis (bladder pain syndrome)

Interstitial cystitis, also called bladder pain syndrome, is a chronic, autoimmune inflammatory condition of the muscular and submucosal layers of the bladder. Due to the chronic condition, it is believed that the cause of the condition is autoimmune - ie that the body's own antibodies attack parts of its own cells; in this case in the bladder.

Symptoms of interstitial cystitis

The disease often causes symptoms associated with bladder problems, such as the feeling of having to go to the toilet all the time, frequent urination and waking up at night to go to the toilet - the patient may also experience that it is painful to urinate. As mentioned, the symptoms may overlap with other known conditions such as urinary tract infection, overactive bladder, urinary tract infection and inflammation of the prostate.

The most common symptoms are pain over the bladder, frequent urination, painful sexual intercourse and disturbed sleep due to having to get up to go to the bathroom.

It has also been seen that people may experience difficulty in starting a urine jet, which has been linked to pelvic floor dysfunction and tension. Those who suffer from interstitial cystitis will often find that the pain worsens as the bladder fills up, and then improve when urinating.

Clinical signs

As mentioned above under 'symptoms'.

Diagnosis and cause

The diagnosis is made through a series of examinations (including blood tests), lab tests and thorough history. Due to overlapping symptoms, interstitial cystitis is often misdiagnosed as a urinary tract infection. The exact cause of the condition is still unknown, but there are good indications that this is an autoimmune response.

Who is affected by the disease?

The condition affects both men and women of all ages. Research shows that between 1 in 100000 or 5 in 1000 are affected. Interstitial cystitis is thus far more common than one would think.

Treatment

The most common form of treatment is through patient education, diet counseling and stress therapy. It may also be relevant with specific training of the bladder and pelvic floor through physical training, as well as medication if this is necessary. If the condition does not improve, nerve block treatment, botox injection or even surgery may be necessary.

The most common form of treatment for autoimmune conditions is included immunosuppression - that is, drugs and measures that limit and cushion the body's own defense system. Gene therapy that limits inflammatory processes in immune cells has shown great progress in recent times, often in combination with increased activation of anti-inflammatory genes and processes.

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Also read: - Complete overview of autoimmune diseases

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