Goodpastures syndrome (Anti-glomerular basement membrane nephrite)

Goodpastures syndrome, also known as anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis, is a rare autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the membrane of the kidneys and lungs - leading to bleeding from the lungs and kidney failure.

Symptoms of Goodpasture's syndrome

The disease gives, often in the initial phase, more generalized symptoms such as fever, fatigue, weight loss and colds. Muscle and joint pain can also occur. 60-80% of those affected by the condition experience both lung and kidney symptoms, versus 20-40% who have only kidney symptoms and 10% who have only lung symptoms.

If left untreated, the lung symptoms will gradually worsen, causing blood to cough up, chest pain, strong coughing and breathing. Of kidney symptoms one can detect blood in the urine, protein in the urine, inexplicable swelling in the extremities and the face, high blood urea content and high blood pressure.

Clinical signs

As mentioned above under 'symptoms'.

Diagnosis and cause

The diagnosis is made through a series of examinations (including blood tests) and thorough history. Kidney biopsy is considered the best way to diagnose the disease.

The most common form of treatment for autoimmune conditions is included immunosuppression - that is, drugs and measures that limit and cushion the body's own defense system. Gene therapy that limits inflammatory processes in immune cells has shown great progress in recent times, often in combination with increased activation of anti-inflammatory genes and processes.

Who is affected by the disease?

0.5 - 1.8 out of 1 million people are affected annually in Europe and Asia. Unlike many other autoimmune diseases, it actually affects men more often than women, and is less common among dark-skinned than white-skinned people. The most common age group affected is between 20-30 years or between 60-70 years.

Treatment

The most common form of treatment is with plasmapheresis. A form of treatment in which the person's blood is sent through a centrifuge that cleanses the blood of the antibodies that attack the lungs and kidneys.

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Also read: - Complete overview of autoimmune diseases

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