Bullish pemphigoid

Bullous pemphigoid is an acute or chronic autoimmune skin disease in which blisters form between the two skin layers of the dermis and epidermis. The condition is classified as a hypersensitivity disease - where an autoimmune reaction has been seen to attack its own cells.

Symptoms of bullous pemphigoid

The disease can manifest itself as a mild rash in earlier stages, before it breaks out as blisters. It is most common for the blisters to appear on the inside of the thigh and on the upper arms - although it also occurs on the chest or elsewhere on the arm and leg. Any part of the skin can be affected. The condition will usually subside on its own - and can often be misinterpreted as a number of other skin diseases.

Clinical signs

The dermatological test 'Nikolsky's sign' will be positive. Such a positive test shows that the skin falls off the outer layer by light rubbing - which indicates that there is something wrong between the outer layer, the epidermis, and the skin layer inside, the dermis.

Diagnosis and cause

The diagnosis is made through a series of clinical examinations and thorough history. To confirm the diagnosis, two skin biopsies must be taken.

Who is affected by the disease?

People over the age of 70 are most often afflicted with bullless pemphigoid. Some studies claim that it occurs more frequently in women (2: 1). It is estimated that it affects approximately 14 people per million / year.

Treatment

The treatment usually consists of steroid-based ointment medication og corticosteroids. It has also been seen that some have the effect of antibiotics. The condition can also disappear on its own without treatment - but this can take anywhere from several months to many years.

The most common form of treatment for autoimmune conditions is included immunosuppression - that is, drugs and measures that limit and cushion the body's own defense system. Gene therapy that limits inflammatory processes in immune cells has shown great progress in recent times, often in combination with increased activation of anti-inflammatory genes and processes.

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Also read: - Complete overview of autoimmune diseases

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